Commands Overview by Group
This page contains an extensive listing of all Logo commands, global names and operators,
sorted by group.
Accessors
Access data.
| BUTFIRST |
Reports all but the first element of its input. |
| BUTLAST |
Reports all but the last element of its input. |
| BUTMEMBER |
Removes elements from a word or a list. |
| FIRST |
Reports the first element of its input. |
| FLATTEN |
Reports a flat version of its list input. |
| FROMMEMBER |
Removes the first part of its input until a pattern is found. |
| ITEM |
Returns a specific element of its input. |
| JOIN |
Converts a list to a word. |
| LAST |
Reports the last element of its input. |
| LOWERCASE |
Converts its argument to lower case. |
| MIXEDCASE |
Converts its argument to mixed case. |
| PICK |
Randomly picks an element. |
| SPLIT |
Splits a word into a list using a separator. |
| UPPERCASE |
Converts its argument to upper case. |
Arrays
Create and manipulate arrays.
| AGET |
Reports the value of an array element. |
| ARRAY |
Creates an array. |
| ARRAY? |
Reports TRUE if the object is an array. |
| ARRAYDIMS |
Reports the structure of an array. |
| ASET |
Sets the value of an array element. |
| FILLARRAY |
Sets the values of an array. |
| LISTARRAY |
Reports the values of an array as a list. |
| SETARRAYDIMS |
Sets the structure of an array. |
| TEXTARRAY |
Outputs the structure of an array as a word. |
Arrays
Create and manipulate arrays.
| AGET |
Reports the value of an array element. |
| ARRAY |
Creates an array. |
| ARRAY? |
Reports TRUE if the object is an array. |
| ARRAYDIMS |
Reports the structure of an array. |
| ASET |
Sets the value of an array element. |
| FILLARRAY |
Sets the values of an array. |
| LISTARRAY |
Reports the values of an array as a list. |
| SETARRAYDIMS |
Sets the structure of an array. |
| TEXTARRAY |
Sets the structure of an array. |
Logo Colors
Create and work with colors
| ALPHA |
Reports the first active turtle’s alpha value. |
| BACKGROUND |
Reports the background color. |
| BGPATTERN |
Reports the background pattern. |
| COLOR |
Reports the color for a name or value if possible. |
| COLORINDEX |
Coerces a color value to a basic Logo color number. |
| COLORNAME |
Reports the name of a color if possible. |
| COLORS |
Reports a list of available color names. |
| PATTERN |
Reports the turtle’s pattern. |
| PENCOLOR |
Reports the pen color. |
| SETALPHA |
Sets the default transparency value for colors. |
| SETBG |
Sets the background color. |
| SETBGPATTERN |
Sets the background pattern. |
| SETPATTERN |
Sets the turtle pattern. |
| SETPENCOLOR |
Sets the pen color. |
Logo Colors
The color commands assign colors to the background of the Graphics canvas, or the turtle pen.
| ALPHA |
Reports the first active turtle’s alpha value. |
| BACKGROUND |
Reports the background color. |
| COLOR |
Reports the RGB color value for a color name or color index. |
| COLORINDEX |
Coerces a color value to a basic Logo color number. |
| BGPATTERN |
Reports the background pattern. |
| COLOR |
Reports the color for a name or value if possible. |
| COLORNAME |
Reports the name of a color if possible. |
| COLORS |
Reports a list of available color names. |
| PATTERN |
Reports the turtle’s pattern. |
| PENCOLOR |
Reports the pen color. |
| SETALPHA |
Sets the default alpha value for colors. |
| SETBG |
Sets the background color. |
| SETBGPATTERN |
Sets the background pattern. |
| SETPATTERN |
Sets the turtle pattern. |
| SETPC |
Sets the pen color. |
Contents lists
Contents list commands manipulate several items at once using structured contents lists.
| CONTENTS |
Outputs a complete structured contents list. |
| BURIED |
Outputs a structured contents list of all buried elements. |
| BURIED? |
Outputs TRUE if the element described by its input is buried. |
| BURIEDNAMES |
Outputs a list of all buried names. |
| BURIEDPROCS |
Outputs a list of all buried procedures. |
| BURIEDPROPS |
Outputs a list of all buried property lists. |
| BURY |
Makes names and procedures invisible. |
| BURYALL |
Makes all names and procedures invisible. |
| BURYNAME |
Makes one or more names invisible. |
| BURYNAMES |
Makes all names invisible. |
| BURYPROC |
Makes one or more procedures invisible. |
| BURYPROCS |
Makes all procedures invisible. |
| BURYPROP |
Makes one or more property lists invisible. |
| BURYPROPS |
Makes all property lists invisible. |
| EDALL |
Edits the entire Logo workspace. |
| EDIT |
Edits parts or all of the Logo workspace. |
| EDN |
Edits one or more Logo names. |
| EDNS |
Edits all Logo names. |
| EDPL |
Edits one or more Logo property lists. |
| EDPLIST |
Edits the properties of a property list, a widget, or a panel. |
| EDPS |
Edits all user-defined, unburied procedures. |
| EDPLS |
Edits all Logo properties. |
| ERALL |
Erases the entire Logo workspace. |
| ERASE |
Erases Logo elements. |
| ERN |
Erase one or more Logo names. |
| ERNS |
Erases all Logo names. |
| ERPL |
Erases one or more Logo property lists. |
| ERPLS |
Erases all Logo properties. |
| ERPS |
Erases all procedures. |
| NAMELIST |
Outputs a structured contents list with names. |
| NAMES |
Outputs a structured contents list with all names. |
| PLISTS |
Outputs a structured contents list with all properties. |
| PLLIST |
Outputs a structured contents list with properties. |
| POALL |
Prints the entire Logo workspace. |
| PON |
Prints a Logo name. |
| PONS |
Prints all Logo names. |
| POPL |
Prints one or more Logo property lists. |
| POPLS |
Prints all Logo properties. |
| POPS |
Prints all Logo procedures. |
| POT |
Prints the title line of one or more user-defined procedures. |
| POTS |
Prints the title line of all user-defined procedures. |
| PRIMITIVES |
Outputs a structured contents list with all primitives. |
| PRINTOUT |
Prints procedures, names, or properties. |
| PROCEDURES |
Outputs a list with all user procedures. |
| PROCLIST |
Outputs a structured contents list with procedures. |
| UNBURY |
Makes names and procedures visible. |
| UNBURYALL |
Makes all names and procedures visible. |
| UNBURYNAME |
Makes one or more names visible. |
| UNBURYNAMES |
Makes all names visible. |
| UNBURYPROC |
Makes one or more procedures visible. |
| UNBURYPROCS |
Makes all procedures visible. |
| UNBURYPROP |
Makes one or more property lists visible. |
| UNBURYPROPS |
Makes all property lists visible. |
Data Commands
Access and manipulate data
| ASCII |
Converts a character into its Unicode value. |
| BUTFIRST |
Reports all but the first element of its input. |
| BUTLAST |
Reports all but the last element of its input. |
| BUTMEMBER |
Removes elements from a word or a list. |
| CHAR |
Converts a number into a Unicode character. |
| DATE |
Reports the date. |
| FIRST |
Reports the first element of its input. |
| FLATTEN |
Reports a flat version of its list input. |
| FPUT |
Prepends an element to its input. |
| FROMMEMBER |
Removes the first part of its input until a specified word or list is found. |
| ISEQ |
Outputs a list of sequential integers. |
| ITEM |
Returns a specific element of its input. |
| JOIN |
Converts a list to a word. |
| LAST |
Reports the last element of its input. |
| LIST |
Concatenates its inputs to a list. |
| LOCAL |
Declares local variables inside a procedure. |
| LOCALMAKE |
Create and set a local name. |
| LOWERCASE |
Converts its argument to lower case. |
| LPUT |
Appends an element to its input. |
| MAKE |
Assigns a value to a name. |
| MILLISECONDS |
Outputs the number of milliseconds spent. |
| MIXEDCASE |
Converts its argument to mixed case. |
| NAME |
Assigns a value to a name. |
| PARSE |
Parses a string and outputs a list. |
| PICK |
Randomly picks an element. |
| QUOTE |
Quotes its input. |
| RSEQ |
Outputs a list of equally spaced rational numbers. |
| SENTENCE |
Concatenates its inputs to a list, flattening lists. |
| SPLIT |
Splits a word into a list using a separator. |
| SUBST |
Substitutes text in a word or a list. |
| THING |
Reports the value of a name. |
| TIME |
Outputs the time. |
| UPPERCASE |
Converts its argument to upper case. |
| VERINFO |
Outputs Logo version information as a list. |
| VERSION |
Outputs the Logo version. |
| WORD |
Concatenates its inputs to a word. |
| XLIST |
Concatenates its inputs to a parenthesized list. |
Debugging
Track program execution.
| BACKTRACE |
Prints the list of nested procedure calls. |
| BPCLEAR |
Deletes all breakpoints. |
| CONTINUE |
Ends a pause. |
| PAUSE |
Pauses a procedure. |
| STEP |
Turns on stepping for the given elements. |
| STEPPED |
Outputs a structured contents list of all stepped elements. |
| STEPPED? |
Outputs TRUE if the element described by its input is stepped. |
| TRACE |
Turns on tracing of the given elements. |
| TRACED |
Outputs a structured contents list of all traced elements. |
| TRACED? |
Outputs TRUE if the element described by its input is traced. |
| UNSTEP |
Turns off stepping of the given elements. |
| UNTRACE |
Turns off tracing of the given elements. |
Debugging
Track program execution.
| BACKTRACE |
Prints the list of nested procedure calls. |
| BPCLEAR |
Deletes all breakpoints. |
| CONTINUE |
Ends a pause. |
| PAUSE |
Pauses a procedure. |
| STEP |
Turns on stepping for the given elements. |
| STEPPED |
Outputs a structured contents list of all stepped elements. |
| TRACE |
Turns on tracing of the given elements. |
| TRACED |
Outputs a structured contents list of all traced elements. |
| UNSTEP |
Turns off stepping of the given elements. |
| UNTRACE |
Turns off tracing of the given elements. |
Turtle Drawing
Move turtles around, and make them draw.
| ARC |
Draws an arc. |
| BACK |
Moves a turtle backwards. |
| DISTANCE |
Reports the distance between the turtle and a location. |
| DOT |
Draws a dot. |
| DOT? |
Tests whether a pixel is present at the given location. |
| DOTCOLOR |
Reports the color of a pixel. |
| FILL |
Fills an area. |
| FONT |
Reports the current font of the first active turtle. |
| FONTS |
Reports a list of all loaded and available fonts. |
| FORWARD |
Moves a turtle forward. |
| GETX |
Reports the X coordinate of a turtle. |
| GETXY |
Reports the coordinates of a turtle. |
| GETY |
Reports the Y coordinate of a turtle. |
| HEADING |
Reports the heading of a turtle. |
| HIDETURTLE |
Hides a turtle. |
| HOME |
Moves the turtle back to [0 0]. |
| LEFT |
Turns a turtle left. |
| OPACITY |
Reports the opacity of the first active turtle. |
| ORIGIN |
Reports the origin of a turtle’s coordinate system. |
| PANGLE |
Reports the turtle’s angle as a polar angle. |
| PDIST |
Reports the distance from the turtle to its home. |
| PEN |
Reports the pen mode. |
| PENDOWN |
Puts the pen down. |
| PENDOWN? |
Checks whether the pen is down. |
| PENERASE |
The pen draws with the background color. |
| PENREVERSE |
The pen inverts all colors. |
| PENUP |
The pen moves up. |
| PHEADING |
Reports the turtle’s polar heading. |
| PPOS |
Reports the turtle’s polar position. |
| PSETHEADING |
Sets the polar heading of a turtle. |
| RIGHT |
Turns a turtle right. |
| SETFONT |
Sets the turtle drawing font. |
| SETHEADING |
Sets the heading of a turtle. |
| SETOPACITY |
Sets the opacity of all active turtles. |
| SETORIGIN |
Sets the coordinate system origin of the active turtles. |
| SETP |
Sets the turtle’s polar position. |
| SETPEN |
Sets the pen characteristics. |
| SETSHADOW |
Sets the drop shadow for all active turtles. |
| SETSPEED |
Sets the speed at which turtle commands are executed. |
| SETSTEPSIZE |
Sets the step size of all active turtles and bitmaps. |
| SETTURTLESIZE |
Sets the scaling factor of a widget. |
| SETVELOCITY |
Controls the speed of an independently moving widget. |
| SETWIDTH |
Sets the pen width. |
| SETX |
Sets the X coordinate of a turtle. |
| SETXY |
Sets the coordinates of a turtle. |
| SETY |
Sets the Y coordinate of a turtle. |
| SHADOW |
Reports the drop shadow for the first active turtle. |
| SHOWN? |
Reports whether a turtle is visible. |
| SHOWTURTLE |
Makes a turtle visible. |
| SLOWTURTLE |
Slows down the turtle to half speed. |
| SPEED |
Reports the speed in which turtle commands are executed. |
| STAMPOVAL |
Draws an oval. |
| STAMPRECT |
Draws a rectangle. |
| STEPSIZE |
Outputs the step size of the first active turtle or bitmap. |
| TOWARDS |
Reports the angle of a position compared to the turtle position. |
| TURTLESIZE |
Reports the scaling factor of a turtle. |
| TURTLETEXT |
Prints its input on the Graphics canvas. |
| TURTLETEXTSIZE |
Outputs the dimensions of a text drawn with the first listening turtle. |
| VELOCITY |
Reports the speed of an independently moving widget. |
| WIDTH |
Reports the pen width. |
Program Flow
Control the program flow.
| .MAYBEOUTPUT |
Exits a procedure and outputs a value if present. |
| APPLY |
Applies a parameter list to a procedure. |
| CASE |
Outputs a value based on an input value. |
| CATCH |
Catches runtime errors and THROWn data. |
| DO.UNTIL |
Runs a list until a condition is true. |
| DO.WHILE |
Runs a list until a condition is false. |
| ELSE |
Starts the ELSE part of an IF command. |
| END |
Ends a procedure definition. |
| ERROR |
Outputs the last runtime error. |
| EVAL |
Runs a list and collects all outputs. |
| FOR |
Runs a list for a defined number of times. |
| FOREACH |
Runs a list for each element of its first input. |
| FOREVER |
Runs a list forever. |
| GO |
Jumps to a label inside a procedure. |
| HALT |
Stops one or all background programs. |
| IF |
Runs instructions based on a condition. |
| IFFALSE |
Runs a list if TEST was false. |
| IFTRUE |
Runs a list if TEST was true. |
| IGNORE |
Ignores the output of a procedure. |
| LABEL |
Marks a target for the GO command. |
| LAUNCH |
Launches a runlist or procedure for execution in the background. |
| LAUNCHED |
Outputs a list of all active background engines. |
| MACROEXPAND |
Outputs the expansion of a macro. |
| OUTPUT |
Exits a procedure and outputs a value. |
| REPCOUNT |
Reports the value of the REPEAT counter. |
| REPEAT |
Runs a runlist repeatedly. |
| REPTOTAL |
Reports the total number of REPEATs. |
| RUN |
Runs a word or list. |
| STOP |
Exits a procedure, or stops a program. |
| TEST |
Test a condition; used with IFTRUE and IFFALSE. |
| TEXT |
Outputs a procedure definition. |
| THEN |
Starts the THEN part of an IF command. |
| THROW |
Throws a Logo word or a runtime error. |
| TOPLEVEL |
Returns to toplevel. |
| UNTIL |
Runs a list until a condition is true. |
| WAIT |
Waits for a number of milliseconds. |
| WHEN |
Monitors a change to a Logo property or to a Logo event. |
| WHENEVER |
Monitors changes to a Logo property or to a Logo event. |
| WHILE |
Runs a list until a condition is false. |
Program Flow
Control the program flow.
| APPLY |
Applies a parameter list to a procedure. |
| CASE |
Outputs a value based on an input value. |
| CATCH |
Catches runtime errors and THROWn data. |
| COPYDEF |
Copies a procedure definition. |
| DEFINE |
Defines a procedure. |
| .DEFMACRO |
Defines a macro. |
| DO.UNTIL |
Runs a list until a condition is true. |
| DO.WHILE |
Runs a list until a condition is false. |
| ELSE |
Starts the ELSE branch of an IF command. |
| END |
Ends a procedure definition. |
| ERROR |
Outputs the last runtime error. |
| EVAL |
Runs a list and collects all outputs. |
| FOR |
Runs a list for a defined number of times. |
| FOREACH |
Runs a list for each element of its first input. |
| FOREVER |
Runs a list forever. |
| GO |
Jumps to a label inside a procedure. |
| HALT |
Stops one or all background programs. |
| IF |
Runs instructions based on a condition. |
| IFFALSE |
Runs a list if TEST was false. |
| IFTRUE |
Runs a list if TEST was true. |
| IGNORE |
Ignores the output of a procedure. |
| LABEL |
Marks a target for the GO command. |
| LAUNCH |
Launches a runlist or procedure for execution in the background. |
| LAUNCHED |
Outputs a list of all active background engines. |
| LOCAL |
Declares local variables inside a procedure. |
| .MACRO |
Defines a macro. |
| MACROEXPAND |
Outputs the expansion of a macro. |
| OUTPUT |
Exits a procedure and outputs a value. |
| REPCOUNT |
Reports the value of the REPEAT counter. |
| REPEAT |
Runs a runlist repeatedly. |
| REPTOTAL |
Reports the total number of REPEATs. |
| RUN |
Runs a word or list. |
| STOP |
Exits a procedure, or stops a program. |
| TEST |
Test a condition; used with IFTRUE and IFFALSE. |
| TEXT |
Outputs a procedure definition. |
| THEN |
Starts the THEN branch of an IF command. |
| THROW |
Throws a Logo word or a runtime error. |
| TO |
Defines a procedure. |
| TOPLEVEL |
Returns to toplevel. |
| UNTIL |
Runs a list until a condition is true. |
| WAIT |
Waits for a number of milliseconds. |
| WHILE |
Runs a list until a condition is false. |
Built-in variables
A list of global variables.
| :CASE |
Makes Logo convert its input to upper case or not. |
| :CURRENT.GRAPHICS |
Contains the current graphics window name. |
| :EPSILON |
Contains the minimum value that two numbers may differ to still beconsidered to be equal. |
| :ERROR |
Contains the type of the last runtime error. |
| :ERRORTEXT |
Reports the text of the last caught runtime error or THROWn word. |
| :FENCE |
Defines the way turtles bounce off the edges of the Graphics screen. |
| :LANGUAGE |
Reports Logo’s UI language. |
| :LAYOUT |
Gets or sets the panel layout. |
| :LOGO.ENV |
Contains a property list of global program and system settings. |
| :LOGOENGINE |
Contains the ID of the currently running Logo engine. |
| :MIDI.OUTPUT |
Contains the name of the music synthesizer that Logo uses to play music. |
| :MIDI.OUTPUTS |
Returns a list of synthesizer names that Logo supports for playing music. |
| :PICTURE.FORMAT |
Contains the default file extension for graphics files. |
| :PRECISION |
Sets the precision in which numbers are printed. |
| :PREFS |
System-wide properties. |
| :PROMPT |
Gets or sets the prompt for the Listener. |
| :STANDARD.INPUT |
The number of the input stream. |
| :STANDARD.OUTPUT |
The number of the output stream. |
| :TAB |
Sets the tab stop position. |
| :TRACE |
Controls the output of debugging information. |
The Graphics canvas
| BOUNCE |
Lets the turtles bounce off the graphics bounds inside the Graphics panel. |
| BOUNDS |
Reports the drawing bounds of the Graphics panel. |
| CLEAN |
Erases the Graphics panel. |
| CLEARSCREEN |
Erases the Graphics panel and homes the turtle. |
| DRAW |
Clears the Graphics panel and resets all turtles. |
| FENCE |
Fences all turtles inside the drawing bounds. |
| FREEZEPIC |
Freezes the display of the Graphics panel. |
| LOADPIC |
Loads a picture. |
| SAVEPIC |
Saves the contents of the Graphics panel. |
| SETBOUNDS |
Set the drawing bounds of the Graphics panel. |
| SNAP |
Moves parts of the Graphics panel into a bitmap. |
| SNAPSIZE |
Outputs the size of a bitmap. |
| STAMP |
Draws a bitmap or turtle. |
| UNFREEZEPIC |
Unfreezes the display of the graphics. |
| WINDOW |
Removes the boundary for turtle movements. |
| WRAP |
Lets the turtles wrap inside the Graphics panel. |
| GRID |
Sets the characteristics of the graphics grid. |
| GRIDOFF |
Hides the grid of the Graphics panel. |
| GRIDON |
Displays the grid of the Graphics panel. |
The Graphics canvas
The Graphics canvas is the drawing surface for the turtles.
| BOUNDS |
Reports the drawing bounds of the Graphics canvas. |
| BOUNCE |
Lets the turtles bounce off the graphics bounds inside the Graphics canvas. |
| BUTTON? |
Reports the state of the left mouse button. |
| CLEAN |
Erases the graphics canvas. |
| CLEARSCREEN |
Erases the graphics panel and homes the turtle. |
| DRAW |
Clears the current graphics canvas and resets all attached turtles. |
| FENCE |
Fences all turtles inside the drawing bounds. |
| FREEZEPIC |
Freezes the current graphics display. |
| GRID |
Sets the characteristics of the graphics grid. |
| GRIDOFF |
Hides the grid of the Graphics panel. |
| GRIDON |
Displays the grid of the Graphics panel. |
| LOADPIC |
Loads a picture. |
| MOUSE |
Reports the position of the mouse cursor. |
| MOUSESHAPE |
Reports the shape of the mouse cursor. |
| REDO |
Redoes the last drawing command after an UNDO command. |
| SAVEPIC |
Saves the contents of the Graphics panel. |
| SETBOUNDS |
Set the drawing bounds of the current Graphics canvas. |
| SETMOUSESHAPE |
Sets the shape of the mouse cursor. |
| UNDO |
Undoes the last drawing command. |
| UNFREEZEPIC |
Unfreezes the current graphics display. |
| WINDOW |
Removes the boundary for turtle movements. |
| WRAP |
Lets the turtles wrap inside the canvas. |
Grids
A Logo grid is a special control that lets you arrange widgets in a grid.
| FILLGRID |
Sets the text values of a grid. |
| GGET |
Outputs the name of a widget stored in a grid cell. |
| GGETTEXT |
Outputs the text of a grid cell. |
| GPPROP |
Alters a property of a grid, a row, a column, or a cell. |
| GRIDDIMS |
Reports the size of a grid. |
| GSET |
Stores a widget into a grid cell. |
| GSETTEXT |
Stores a text into a grid cell. |
| LISTGRID |
Reports the values of a grid as a list. |
| SETGRIDDIMS |
Sets the size of a grid. |
Hit Tests
Commands to determine if two widgets collide.
| HIT? |
Tests the first active widget against widgets listed on the hit list. |
| HITTABLE |
Reports the contents of the hit list. |
| PLACE |
Attempts to place the active widgets at the suggested location. |
| SETHITTABLE |
Sets the contents of the hit list. |
Infix Operators
| = |
Tests its inputs for equality. |
| >= |
Tests if its left input is greater than or equal to its right input. |
| > |
Tests if its left input is greater than its right input. |
| <= |
Tests if its left input is less than or equal to its right input. |
| < |
Tests if its left input is less than its right input. |
| != |
Tests its inputs for inequality. |
| - |
Outputs the difference of two or more numbers. |
| [^](/logo6/commands/infix#infix-11) |
Raises a number to the power of another number. |
| * |
Calculates the product of its inputs. |
| / |
Reports the quotient of its inputs. |
| % |
Outputs the remainder of two numbers. |
| + |
Reports the sum of its inputs. |
Read and write data.
| ALERT |
Displays an alert box. |
| CLOSE |
Closes a stream. |
| CREATE |
Creates a file. |
| CURDIR |
Reports the current working directory. |
| DELETE |
Deletes a file or a folder. |
| DIR |
Lists the contents of current working directory. |
| EOF? |
Outputs TRUE if the current stream is at EOF. |
| FILE? |
Reports TRUE if a file or directory exists. |
| FORM |
Formats a number. |
| OPEN |
Opens a file and returns the channel number. |
| PATHNAME |
Reports the full path name for a file name. |
| PRINT |
Prints text with a line feed. |
| PRINTLINE |
Prints a list of numbers as Unicode characters. |
| PRINTQUOTE |
Prints its input and a newline. |
| PROGRESSBAR |
Displays a progress bar. |
| READ |
Reads one Logo word. |
| READCHAR |
Read a character from the standard input stream. |
| READFILE |
Reads and parses the contents of a file. |
| READLINE |
Reads a line and outputs it as a list of numbers. |
| READLIST |
Reads a line and outputs it as a list. |
| READPROMPT |
Opens a dialog box and reads a line. |
| READQUOTE |
Reads a line. |
| READWORD |
Reads the next word of a line. |
| RENAME |
Renames a file. |
| SETCURDIR |
Changes the current working directory. |
| SHOW |
Prints text with a line feed. |
| SUBDIR |
Lists the contents of current working directory. |
| TYPE |
Prints text. |
| WRITEFILE |
Stores a Logo word or list into a file. |
Read and write data.
| ALERT |
Displays an alert box. |
| CLOSE |
Closes a stream. |
| CREATE |
Creates a file. |
| CREATE.DIR |
Creates a folder. |
| CURDIR |
Reports the current working directory. |
| DELETE |
Deletes a file or a folder. |
| DIRECTORY |
Lists the contents of current working directory. |
| EOF? |
Outputs TRUE if the current stream is at EOF. |
| FILE? |
Reports TRUE if a file or directory exists. |
| FORM |
Formats a number. |
| OPEN |
Opens a file and returns the channel number. |
| PATHNAME |
Reports the full path name for a file name. |
| PRINT |
Prints text with a line feed. |
| PRINTLINE |
Prints a list of numbers as Unicode characters. |
| PRINTQUOTE |
Prints its input and a newline. |
| PROGRESSBAR |
Displays a progress bar. |
| READ |
Reads one Logo word. |
| READCHAR |
Read a character from the standard input stream. |
| READFILE |
Reads and parses the contents of a file. |
| READLINE |
Reads a line and outputs it as a list of numbers. |
| READLIST |
Reads a line and outputs it as a list. |
| READPROMPT |
Opens a dialog box and reads a line. |
| READQUOTE |
Reads a line. |
| READWORD |
Reads the next word of a line. |
| RENAME |
Renames a disk file. |
| SELECT.FILE |
Displays a dialog to select a file. |
| SELECT.FOLDER |
Displays a dialog to select a folder. |
| SETCURDIR |
Changes the current working directory. |
| SHOW |
Prints text with a line feed. |
| SUBDIR |
Lists the contents of current working directory. |
| TYPE |
Prints text. |
| WRITEFILE |
Stores a Logo word or list into a file. |
Listener Panel Commands
| CLEARTEXT |
Clears the Listener panel. |
| HTML |
Creates and outputs a HTML sequence. |
| KEY |
Reports the code of the last key that the user typed. |
| SETTEXTCOLOR |
Sets the text color for Listener output. |
| SETTEXTFONT |
Sets the Listener font. |
| TEXTCOLOR |
Reports the text foreground and background colors. |
| TEXTFONT |
Reports the font used for output. |
| WEBLINK |
Creates and outputs a HTML web link. |
Listener Panel Commands
Commands specific to the Listener.
| HTML |
Creates and outputs a HTML sequence. |
| KEY |
Reports the code of the last key that the user typed. |
| SETTEXTCOLOR |
Sets the text color in the Listener panel. |
| SETTEXTFONT |
Sets the font for PRINT, TYPE and other output commands. |
| TEXTFONT |
Reports the font used for output. |
| WEBLINK |
Creates and outputs a HTML web link. |
Math Commands
Arithmetic computations.
| ABS |
Reports the absolute value of a number. |
| AND |
Logical AND. |
| ARCCOS |
Reports the arccosine. |
| ARCCOT |
Reports the arccotangent. |
| ARCCSC |
Reports the arccosecant. |
| ARCSEC |
Reports the arcsecant. |
| ARCSIN |
Reports the arcsine. |
| ARCTAN |
Reports the arctangent. |
| ARCTAN2 |
Reports the polar angle heading of the motion vector (position change) deltaX deltaY. |
| ASHIFT |
Shifts its input with sign extension. |
| LOGAND |
Combines its inputs with a bitwise AND operation. |
| LOGNOT |
Reports the bitwise logical complement of its input. |
| LOGOR |
Combines its inputs with a boolean OR operation. |
| LOGXOR |
Combines its inputs with a boolean XOR operation. |
| COS |
Reports the cosine. |
| COT |
Reports the cotangent. |
| CSC |
Reports the cosecant. |
| DIFFERENCE |
Outputs the difference of two or more numbers. |
| EXP |
Calculates the natural base e raised to a power. |
| INT |
Reports the integer part of a number. |
| LOG |
Outputs the natural logarithm of its input. |
| LOG10 |
Outputs the logarithm of its input. |
| LSHIFT |
Shifts its input without sign extension. |
| MINUS |
Outputs the negative value of its input. |
| MODULO |
Outputs the remainder of two numbers. |
| NOT |
Negates its input. |
| OR |
Performs a logical OR on its input. |
| PI |
Reports the number Pi. |
| POWER |
Raises a number to the power of another number. |
| PRODUCT |
Calculates the product of its inputs. |
| QUOTIENT |
Reports the quotient of its inputs. |
| RANDOM |
Outputs a random number. |
| REMAINDER |
Outputs the remainder of two numbers. |
| RERANDOM |
Seed the random number generator. |
| ROUND |
Rounds a number. |
| SEC |
Reports the secant. |
| SIN |
Reports the sine. |
| SQRT |
Reports the square root. |
| SUM |
Reports the sum of its inputs. |
| TAN |
Reports the tangent. |
Math
Math operators and functions.
| ABS |
Reports the absolute value of a number. |
| ARCCOS |
Reports the arccosine. |
| ARCCOT |
Reports the arccotangent. |
| ARCCSC |
Reports the arccosecant. |
| ARCSEC |
Reports the arcsecant. |
| ARCSIN |
Reports the arcsine. |
| ARCTAN |
Reports the arctangent. |
| ARCTAN2 |
Reports the polar angle heading of the motion vector (position change) deltaX deltaY. |
| COS |
Reports the cosine. |
| COT |
Reports the cotangent. |
| CSC |
Reports the cosecant. |
| EXPN |
Calculates the natural base e raised to a power. |
| INT |
Reports the integer part of a number. |
| LOG |
Outputs the natural logarithm of its input. |
| LOG10 |
Outputs the logarithm of its input. |
| LOGAND |
Combines its inputs with a boolean AND operation. |
| LOGNOT |
Reports the bitwise logical complement of its input. |
| LOGOR |
Combines its inputs with a boolean OR operation. |
| LOGXOR |
Combines its inputs with a boolean XOR operation. |
| LSH |
Shifts its input with sign extension. |
| LSHIFT |
Shifts its input without sign extension. |
| MINUS |
Outputs the negative value of its input. |
| MODULO |
Outputs the remainder of two numbers. |
| NOT |
Negates its input. |
| PI |
Reports the number Pi. |
| RADARCTAN |
Reports the arc tangent of an angle expressed in radians. |
| RADCOS |
Reports the cosine of an angle expressed in radians. |
| RADSIN |
Reports the sine of an angle expressed in radians. |
| RANDOM |
Outputs a random number. |
| RERANDOM |
Seed the random number generator. |
| ROUND |
Rounds a number. |
| SEC |
Reports the secant. |
| SIN |
Reports the sine. |
| SQRT |
Reports the square root. |
| TAN |
Reports the tangent. |
| POWER |
Raises a number to the power of another number. |
| DIFFERENCE |
Outputs the difference of two or more numbers. |
| SUM |
Reports the sum of its inputs. |
| PRODUCT |
Calculates the product of its inputs. |
| QUOTIENT |
Reports the quotient of its inputs. |
| REMAINDER |
Outputs the remainder of two numbers. |
| .EQ |
Tests its inputs for equality. |
| .NE |
Tests its inputs for inequality. |
| .LT |
Tests if its first input is less than its second input. |
| GREATER? |
Tests if its first input is greater than its second input. |
| .GE |
Tests if its first input is greater than or equal to its second input. |
| .LE |
Tests if its first input is less than or equal to its second input. |
| AND |
Logical AND. |
| OR |
Performs a logical OR on its input. |
| MIDI.RECORD |
Records and saves music commands that PLAY plays. |
| PLAY |
Plays sound files or notes. |
| PLAY.NOTES |
Plays simple songs on a robot’s speaker. |
| PLAY.SOUND |
Play a predefined sound on a robot’s speaker. |
| SAY |
Makes Logo speak its input. |
| SELECT.VOICE |
Opens a dialog where you can select a voice for the SAY command. |
Menu Commands
Manipulate the Terrapin Logo menu.
Mouse Commands
| BUTTON? |
Reports the state of the left mouse button. |
| MOUSE |
Reports the position of the mouse cursor. |
| MOUSESHAPE |
Reports the shape of the mouse cursor. |
| SETMOUSESHAPE |
Sets the shape of the mouse cursor. |
Play notes, MIDI and other audio fiules.
| MIDI.RECORD |
Records and saves music commands that PLAY plays. |
| PLAY |
Plays sound files or notes. |
| PLAY.NOTES |
Plays simple songs on a robot’s speaker. |
| PLAY.SOUND |
Play a predefined sound on a robot’s speaker. |
| SAY |
Makes Logo speak its input. |
| SELECT.VOICE |
Opens a dialog where you can select a voice for the SAY command. |
Objects
Create and manipulate objects.
| .WHO |
Reports a list of widgets listening to commands. |
| ALLTURTLES |
A list of all turtles. |
| ASK |
Makes widgets execute a list of commands. |
| CHECKTYPE |
Checks an value for a type. |
| DECLARE |
Creates a widget. |
| EACH |
Applies a runlist to every widget in the TELL list. |
| EVERY |
Outputs a list of widgets. |
| IS.A |
Checks an widget for being of a specific type. |
| NEW |
Creates a new Logo widget. |
| TELL |
Defines a list of turtles (or other widgets) listening to commands. |
| TELLALL |
Tells a range of turtle numbers. |
| TELLEVEN |
Tells all turtles with even numbers. |
| TELLODD |
Tells all turtles with odd numbers. |
| TYPEOF |
Reports the type of a name. |
| WHO |
Reports a list of turtles (or other widgets) listening to commands. |
Objects
Create and manipulate widgets and other objects.
| .WHO |
Reports a list of objects listening to commands. |
| ASK |
Makes objects execute a list of commands. |
| CHECKTYPE |
Checks an value for a type. |
| DECLARE |
Creates an object. |
| EACH |
Applies a runlist to every object in the TELL list. |
| EVERY |
Outputs a list of objects. |
| IS.A |
Checks an object for being of a specific type. |
| NEW |
Creates a new Logo object. |
| TELL |
Defines a list of objects listening to commands. |
| TELLALL |
Tells a range of turtle numbers. |
| TELLEVEN |
Tells all turtles with even numbers. |
| TELLODD |
Tells all turtles with odd numbers. |
| TYPEOF |
Reports the type of a name. |
| WHO |
Reports a list of objects listening to commands. |
Queries
| COUNT |
Counts the number of items in its input. |
| DEFINED? |
Checks whether a procedure is defined. |
| EMPTY? |
Checks whether a name is empty. |
| LIST? |
Checks for its input being a list. |
| MACRO? |
Checks its input for being a macro. |
| MEMBER? |
Checks if an object is part of another object. |
| NAME? |
Checks whether its input is assigned a value. |
| NUMBER? |
Checks its input for being a number. |
| PLIST? |
Checks its input for containing a property list. |
| PRIMITIVE? |
Checks its input for being a built-in procedure or macro. |
| PROCEDURE? |
Checks its input for being a user-defined procedure. |
| WORD? |
Checks its input for being a word. |
| EQUAL? |
Tests its inputs for equality. |
| GREATEREQUAL? |
Tests if its first input is greater than or equal to its second input. |
| GREATER? |
Tests if its first input is greater than its second input. |
| LESSEQUAL? |
Tests if its first input is less than or equal to its second input. |
| LESS? |
Tests if its first input is less than its second input. |
| NOTEQUAL? |
Tests its inputs for inequality. |
Property lists
Add, retrieve, or remove properties.
| CPROP |
Calls a property as a procedure. |
| GLIST |
Reports the property lists that contain a property with a given name. |
| GPROP |
Retrieves a property. |
| PLIST |
Reports the property list of a name. |
| PPROP |
Stores a property. |
| PPROPS |
Sets a list of properties. |
| REMPROP |
Removes a property. |
Property lists
Add, retrieve, call, or remove properties.
| CPROP |
Calls a property as a procedure. |
| GLIST |
Reports the property lists that contain a property with a given name. |
| GPROP |
Retrieves a property. |
| PLIST |
Reports the property list of a name. |
| PPROP |
Stores a property. |
| PPROPS |
Stores a list of properties. |
| REMPROP |
Removes a property. |
Putting things together
put together Logo words or lists, or access elements of Logo words or lists.
| FPUT |
Prepends an element to its input. |
| ISEQ |
Outputs a list of sequential integers. |
| LIST |
Concatenates its inputs to a list. |
| LPUT |
Appends an element to its input. |
| PARSE |
Parses a string and outputs a list. |
| RSEQ |
Outputs a list of equally spaced rational numbers. |
| SENTENCE |
Concatenates its inputs to a list, flattening lists. |
| SUBST |
Substitutes text in a word or a list. |
| WORD |
Concatenates its inputs to a word. |
| XLIST |
Concatenates its inputs to a parenthesized list. |
Queries
Test data or data contents.
| COUNT |
Counts the number of items in its input. |
| DEFINED? |
Checks whether a procedure is defined. |
| EMPTY? |
Checks whether a name is empty. |
| LIST? |
Checks for its input being a list. |
| MACRO? |
Checks its input for being a macro. |
| MEMBER? |
Checks if an object is part of another object. |
| NAME? |
Checks whether its input is assigned a value. |
| NUMBER? |
Checks its input for being a number. |
| PLIST? |
Checks its input for containing a property list. |
| PRIMITIVE? |
Checks its input for being a built-in procedure or macro. |
| PROCEDURE? |
Checks its input for being a user-defined procedure. |
| WORD? |
Checks its input for being a word. |
Robot Commands
Robot Commands
Talk to floor robots via Bluetooth.
Turtle Shapes
Load, change, and lock turtle images.
| EDSHAPE |
Launches the shape editor. |
| LOADSHAPE |
Loads a turtle shape from a data space and sets the shape of all active turtles. |
| LOADSNAP |
Loads a bitmap. |
| LOCKSHAPE |
Prevents a bitmap from turning. |
| SAVESHAPE |
Saves the shape of the first active turtle. |
| SAVESNAP |
Saves a turtle shape. |
| SETSHAPE |
Sets the shape of all active turtles. |
| SHAPE |
Outputs the name of the first active turtle’s shape. |
| SNAP |
Moves parts of the Graphics panel into a bitmap. |
| SNAPSIZE |
Outputs the size of a bitmap. |
| STAMP |
Draws a bitmap or turtle. |
| UNLOCKSHAPE |
Lets a bitmap rotate according to the turtle’s heading. |
Bitmaps and Turtles
| ARC |
Draws an arc. |
| BACK |
Moves a turtle backwards. |
| CTURTLES |
Arranges turtles in a circle. |
| DISTANCE |
Reports the distance between the turtle and a location. |
| DOT |
Draws a dot. |
| DOT? |
Tests whether a pixel is present at the given location. |
| DOTCOLOR |
Reports the color of a pixel. |
| EDSHAPE |
Launches the shape editor. |
| FILL |
Fills an area. |
| FONT |
Reports the current font of the first active turtle. |
| FONTS |
Reports a list of all loaded and available fonts. |
| FORWARD |
Moves a turtle forward. |
| HEADING |
Reports the heading of the first active turtle. |
| HIDETURTLE |
Hides all active turtles. |
| HOME |
Moves the turtle back to [0 0]. |
| LEFT |
Turns a turtle left. |
| LOADSHAPE |
Loads a turtle shape from a file and sets the shape of all active turtles. |
| LOADSNAP |
Loads a bitmap. |
| LTURTLES |
Arranges turtles in a row. |
| OPACITY |
Reports the opacity of the first active turtle. |
| ORIGIN |
Reports the origin of a turtle’s coordinate system. |
| PANGLE |
Reports the turtle’s angle as a polar angle. |
| PDIST |
Reports the distance from the turtle to its home. |
| PEN |
Reports the pen mode. |
| PENDOWN |
Puts the pen down. |
| PENDOWN? |
Checks whether the pen is down. |
| PENERASE |
The pen draws with the background color. |
| PENREVERSE |
The pen inverts all colors. |
| PENUP |
The pen moves up. |
| PHEADING |
Reports the turtle’s polar heading. |
| POS |
Reports the coordinates of a turtle. |
| PPOS |
Reports the turtle’s polar position. |
| PSETHEADING |
Sets the polar heading of a turtle. |
| RIGHT |
Turns a turtle right. |
| SAVESHAPE |
Saves the shape of the first active turtle. |
| SAVESNAP |
Saves a turtle shape. |
| SETFONT |
Sets the turtle drawing font. |
| SETHEADING |
Sets the heading of a turtle. |
| SETOPACITY |
Sets the opacity of all active turtles. |
| SETORIGIN |
Sets the coordinate system origin of the active turtles. |
| SETP |
Sets the turtle’s polar position. |
| SETPEN |
Sets the pen characteristics. |
| SETSHADOW |
Sets the drop shadow for all active turtles. |
| SETSHAPE |
Sets the shape of all active turtles. |
| SETSPEED |
Sets the speed at which turtle commands are executed. |
| SETSTEPSIZE |
Sets the step size of all active turtles and bitmaps. |
| SETTURTLENAME |
Sets the name of a turtle. |
| SETVELOCITY |
Controls the speed of an independently moving widget. |
| SETWIDTH |
Sets the pen width. |
| SETX |
Sets the X coordinate of a turtle. |
| SETXY |
Sets the coordinates of a turtle. |
| SETY |
Sets the Y coordinate of a turtle. |
| SHADOW |
Reports the drop shadow for the first active turtle. |
| SHAPE |
Outputs the name of the first active turtle’s shape. |
| SHOWN? |
Reports whether a turtle is visible. |
| SHOWTURTLE |
Makes a turtle visible. |
| SLOWTURTLE |
Slows down the turtle to half speed. |
| SPEED |
Reports the speed at which turtle commands are executed. |
| STAMPOVAL |
Draws an oval. |
| STAMPRECT |
Draws a rectangle. |
| STAMPRECTC |
Draws a rectangle centered around the turtle position. |
| STEPSIZE |
Outputs the step size of the first active turtle or bitmap. |
| TOWARDS |
Reports the angle of a position compared to the turtle position. |
| TURTLENAME |
Gets the name of the first active turtle. |
| TURTLENAMES |
Outputs a list of all turtle names. |
| TURTLES |
Reports the number of turtles. |
| TURTLESIZE |
Reports the scaling factor of a turtle. |
| TURTLETEXT |
Prints its input on the Graphics panel. |
| TURTLETEXTSIZE |
Outputs the dimensions of a text drawn with the first listening turtle. |
| VELOCITY |
Reports the speed of an independently moving widget. |
| WIDTH |
Reports the pen width. |
| GETX |
Reports the X coordinate of a turtle. |
| GETY |
Reports the Y coordinate of a turtle. |
| SETTURTLES |
Creates a range of turtles. |
| LOCKSHAPE |
Prevents a bitmap from turning. |
| SETTURTLESIZE |
Sets the scaling factor of a bitmap. |
| UNLOCKSHAPE |
Lets a bitmap rotate according to the turtle’s heading. |
Creating Turtles
Create and assign turtles.
Built-in variables
Global built-in variables reflect the state of Logo.
| :CASE |
Controls the conversion of quoted symbols to upper case. |
| :CURRENT.GRAPHICS |
Contains the current graphics window name. |
| :DEFAULT.LAYOUT |
Reports the default Logo panel layout |
| :EPSILON |
Contains the minimum value that two numbers may differ to still be considered to be equal. |
| :ERROR |
Contains the type of the last runtime error. |
| :ERRORTEXT |
Reports the text of the last caught runtime error or THROWn word. |
| :FENCE |
Defines the way turtles bounce off the edges of the Graphics screen. |
| :INITIAL.LAYOUT |
Reports or sets the initial Logo panel layout |
| :LANGUAGE |
Reports Logo’s UI language. |
| :LAYOUT |
Gets or sets the panel layout. |
| :LOGOENGINE |
Contains the ID of the currently running Logo engine. |
| :LOGO.ENV |
Contains a property list of global program and system settings. |
| :MIDI.OUTPUT |
Contains the name of the music synthesizer that Logo uses to play music. |
| :MIDI.OUTPUTS |
Returns a list of synthesizer names that Logo supports for playing music. |
| :PICTURE.FORMAT |
Contains the default file extension for graphics files. |
| :PRECISION |
Sets the precision in which numbers are printed. |
| :PREFS |
System-wide properties. |
| :PROMPT |
Gets or sets the prompt for the Listene. |
| :STANDARD.INPUT |
The number of the input stream. |
| :STANDARD.OUTPUT |
The number of the output stream. |
| :TAB |
Sets the tab stop position. |
| :TRACE |
Controls the output of debugging information. |
| :USERNAME |
Reports the user name for local storage. |
The Workspace
| .DEFMACRO |
Defines a macro. |
| .MACRO |
Defines a macro. |
| ALIAS |
Defines alias names. |
| BURIED |
Outputs a structured contents list of all buried elements. |
| BURIED? |
Outputs TRUE if the element described by its input is buried. |
| BURIEDNAMES |
Outputs a list of all buried names. |
| BURIEDPROCS |
Outputs a list of all buried procedures. |
| BURIEDPROPS |
Outputs a list of all buried property lists. |
| BURY |
Makes names and procedures invisible. |
| BURYALL |
Makes all names and procedures invisible. |
| BURYNAME |
Makes one or more names invisible. |
| BURYNAMES |
Makes all names invisible. |
| BURYPROC |
Makes one or more procedures invisible. |
| BURYPROCS |
Makes all procedures invisible. |
| BURYPROP |
Makes one or more property lists invisible. |
| BURYPROPS |
Makes all property lists invisible. |
| CONTENTS |
Outputs a complete structured contents list. |
| COPYDEF |
Copies a procedure definition. |
| DEFINE |
Defines a procedure. |
| EDALL |
Edits the entire Logo workspace. |
| EDIT |
Edits parts or all of the Logo workspace. |
| EDN |
Edits one or more Logo names. |
| EDNS |
Edits all Logo names. |
| EDPL |
Edits one or more Logo property lists. |
| EDPLIST |
Edits the properties of a property list, a widget, or a panel. |
| EDPLS |
Edits all Logo properties. |
| EDPS |
Edits all user-defined, unburied procedures. |
| ERALL |
Erases the entire Logo workspace. |
| ERASE |
Erases Logo elements. |
| ERN |
Erase one or more Logo names. |
| ERNS |
Erases all Logo names. |
| ERPL |
Erases one or more Logo property lists. |
| ERPLS |
Erases all Logo properties. |
| ERPS |
Erases all procedures. |
| HELP |
Displays help for a command. |
| LOAD |
Loads a file into Logo. |
| NAMELIST |
Outputs a structured contents list with names. |
| NAMES |
Outputs a structured contents list with all names. |
| PHELP |
Displays help for a property. |
| PLISTS |
Outputs a structured contents list with all properties. |
| PLLIST |
Outputs a structured contents list with properties. |
| POALL |
Prints the entire Logo workspace. |
| PON |
Prints a Logo name. |
| PONS |
Prints all Logo names. |
| POPL |
Prints one or more Logo property lists. |
| POPLS |
Prints all Logo properties. |
| POPS |
Prints all Logo procedures. |
| POT |
Prints the title line of one or more user-defined procedures. |
| POTS |
Prints the title line of all user-defined procedures. |
| PRIMITIVES |
Outputs a structured contents list with all primitives. |
| PRINTOUT |
Prints procedures, names, or properties. |
| PROCEDURES |
Outputs a list with all user procedures. |
| PROCLIST |
Outputs a structured contents list with procedures. |
| QUIT |
Ends Logo. |
| RESTART |
Erases everything and restarts Logo. |
| SAVE |
Saves the workspace. |
| BS |
Arranges the Blocks, Graphics, Listener, and Editor panels. |
| BSV |
Arranges the Blocks, Graphics, Lister and the Editor panels. |
| FS |
Switches to the Full Screen perspective |
| ES |
Makes the Graphics, Listener, and Editor panels visible. |
| ESV |
Makes the Graphics panel, the Lister panel and the Editor panel visible. |
| SS |
Displays the Graphics panel above the Listener panel. |
| SSV |
Displays the Graphics panel to the left of the Listener panel. |
| TS |
Minimizes the Graphics panel and maximizes the Listener panel. |
| TO |
Defines a procedure. |
| UNBURY |
Makes names and procedures visible. |
| UNBURYALL |
Makes all names and procedures visible. |
| UNBURYNAME |
Makes one or more names visible. |
| UNBURYNAMES |
Makes all names visible. |
| UNBURYPROC |
Makes one or more procedures visible. |
| UNBURYPROCS |
Makes all procedures visible. |
| UNBURYPROP |
Makes one or more property lists visible. |
| UNBURYPROPS |
Makes all property lists visible. |
The Workspace
All commands related to the workspace.
| ALIAS |
Defines alias names. |
| BYE |
Ends Logo. |
| CHAR |
Converts a number into a Unicode character. |
| CLEARTEXT |
Clears the Listener panel. |
| DATE |
Reports the date. |
| FULLSCREEN |
Switches to the Full Screen perspective |
| HELP |
Displays help for a command. |
| LMAKE |
Create and set a local name. |
| LOAD |
Loads a file into Logo. |
| MAKE |
Assigns a value to a name. |
| MILLISECONDS |
Outputs the number of milliseconds spent. |
| NAME |
Assigns a value to a name. |
| PHELP |
Displays help for a property. |
| QUOTE |
Quotes its input. |
| RESTART |
Erases everything and restarts Logo. |
| SAVE |
Saves the workspace to disk. |
| SPLITSCREEN |
Makes both the Listener panel and the Graphics canvas visible. |
| TEXTSCREEN |
Minimizes the Graphics canvas and maximizes the Listener panel. |
| THING |
Reports the value of a name. |
| TIME |
Outputs the time. |
| UNICODE |
Converts a character into its Unicode value. |
| VERINFO |
Outputs Logo version information as a list. |
| VERSION |
Outputs the Logo version. |
| WHEN |
Monitors a change to a Logo property or to a Logo event. |
| WHENEVER |
Monitors changes to a Logo property or to a Logo event. |